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1975 New York Telephone Exchange Fire
The New York Telephone Exchange Fire occurred on February 27, 1975 at the New York Telephone Company switching center at 204 Second Avenue (at Thirteenth Street in lower Manhattan). At this time, the building was used to connect phone lines to trunk lines. The fire disrupted service for 175,000 customers, connected to the building through 105,000 service loops. Just after midnight on February 27th, 1975 a short circuit on the first floor of the building started the fire. Because the cables were insulated by plastic, it spread quickly to the higher levels cutting off nearly all connection to the Bell System Network. As a result, calls to the Fire Department of New York failed because the telephone lines were disconnected.〔http://blogs.cisco.com/cle/from-telco-tragedy-to-recovery-in-28-days〕In an attempt to activate the alarm in the street, a call got through to the fire department at 12:55 A.M. However, the fire was not declared under control until 3:40 A.M. Shortly after that, the fire reignited and was officially declared under control at 4:46 AM. 〔http://www.lykensfire.com/incidents.php?o.1484l〕This was "the worst single service disaster ever suffered by any single Bell operating company" before or since.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.privateline.com/issues/p.l.No11A.html )〕
The building housed fire destroyed the Main distribution frame, which was significant because the building contained twelve exchanges and five toll switching machines.The events relating to the fire make it notable for a number of reasons, including the extent of the disruption, the large scale and speed of the telephone system's recovery efforts (completed in just 23 days),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_AWAmGi-g8#t=21m )〕 and its starting or speeding the adoption of fire-safety rules covering the installation of low-voltage wiring inside buildings, especially in areas that can spread fire or toxic fumes.
==History==
Up until the late 1970s, telephone companies were relying on electromechanical panel switches, which were first implemented during World War I. In order to get their moneys worth, the companies used the same infrastructure for forty years. Because of this, many telephone companies left customers without service due to damage to the aged infrastructure. Most recently, Verizon customers in New York City experienced service outages from copper breakdowns. In addition, AT&T customers on the West Coast reported similar outages due to flooding. It was not until the 1970s that Bell decided to "completely scrap their electromechanical switches in favor of newer electronic technology." 〔http://stopthecap.com/2015/06/30/big-city-telecom-infrastructure-is-often-ancient-conduits-70-years-old-wiring-from-1960s-1980s〕 New infrastructure took up nearly a fraction of the space and had a greater capacity than the previous switches. This was critical in the 1970s because the demand for more lines increased exponentially. However, Bell was skeptical and moved carefully to these upgrades and did not fully have updated switches until 2001. 〔http://stopthecap.com/2015/06/30/big-city-telecom-infrastructure-is-often-ancient-conduits-70-years-old-wiring-from-1960s-1980s〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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